Glossary
Halal terms, explained simply
The words you'll see on labels, certificates and in scholarly answers.
Halal means "permissible" in Arabic. In food, it describes what Muslims are allowed to eat and drink under Islamic law.
Haram means "forbidden" in Arabic: anything Muslims are not allowed to do, eat or drink under Islamic law.
Mushbooh means "doubtful". It describes ingredients that could be halal or haram depending on their source, such as E471.
Makruh means "disliked". It is something discouraged in Islam but not forbidden; avoiding it is rewarded.
Zabiha is meat from an animal slaughtered the Islamic way: by a Muslim, with God's name, cutting the throat so the blood drains.
Tayyib means "good and wholesome". The Qur'an asks Muslims to eat what is both halal and tayyib.
Istihalah is the complete transformation of a substance into something new, which many scholars say can change its ruling — e.g. wine becoming vinegar.
Najis means "impure". Impure substances such as pork, blood and alcohol (in many views) must be washed off before prayer.
Khamr means intoxicating drink, such as wine or beer. It is forbidden in the Qur'an, in small or large amounts.
Riba means interest or usury. Charging or paying interest on loans is forbidden in Islam, which is why Islamic finance exists.
Gharar means excessive uncertainty in a contract. It is one reason scholars debate conventional insurance and some trading.
Ahl al-Kitab means "People of the Book" — Jews and Christians. The Qur'an permits their food, which is why scholars discuss kosher meat.